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The properties of the elements exhibit trends and these trends can be predicted with the help of the periodic table. They can also be explained and understood by analyzing the electron configurations of the elements. This is because, elements tend to gain or lose valence electrons to achieve the stable octet formation.

The properties of the elements exhibit trends and these trends can be predicted with the help of the periodic table. They can also be explained and understood by analyzing the electron configurations of the elements. This is because, elements tend to gain or lose valence electrons to achieve the stable octet formation.

In addition to this activity, there are two other important trends. First, electrons are added, one at a time, moving from left to right across a period. And, as this happens, the electrons of the outermost shell experience increasingly strong nuclear attraction. As a result, the electrons become closer to the nucleus and more tightly bound. The second trend is the moving down a column in the periodic table, where the outermost electrons become less tightly bound to the nucleus. And these trends explain the periodicity observed in the elemental properties of atomic radius, ionization energy, electron affinity, and electronegativity.

But, before going into that we need to know a bit more about the above mentioned terms:

Atomic Radius
The atomic radius of an element is half of the distance between the centers of two atoms of an element that are in contact with each other. Generally, the atomic radius decreases across a period, from left to right and increases down a given group. Therefore, the atoms with the largest atomic radii are located in Group I and at the lower half of groups.

Ionization Energy
Ionization energy or ionization potential is the energy required to completely remove an electron from a gaseous atom or ion. And, the closer and more tightly an electron is bound to the nucleus, the more difficult it is to remove and the higher its ionization energy. Ionization energy is also required to remove a second valence electron from the univalent ion to form the divalent ion, and so on.

Electron Affinity

Electron affinity is the energy change that occurs when an electron is added to a gaseous atom. It reflects the ability of an atom to accept an electron. And the atoms with stronger effective nuclear charge have a greater electron affinity. Therefore, some generalizations can be made about the electron affinities of certain groups in the periodic table. The alkaline earths have low electron affinity values. This is because they have filled sub shells. But, the halogens have high electron affinities because of the addition of an electron to an atom results in a completely filled shell. Noble gases have zero electron affinities, since each atom possesses a stable octet and will not accept an electron readily.

Electro negativity

An atom with higher electro negativity has a great capacity for attracting bonding electrons. Therefore, electro negativity is a measure of the attraction of an atom for the electrons in a chemical bond. It’s related to ionization energy. So, electrons with low ionization energies have low electro negativities because their nuclei do not exert a strong attractive force on electrons. And, elements with high ionization energies have high electro negativities. This is because of the strong pull exerted on electrons by the nucleus.

Therefore, electro negativity is dependant on the atomic number. As the atomic number increases, the electro negativity decreases, as a result of increased distance between the valence electron and nucleus. An example of an electropositive element, i.e. one with low electro negativity, is cesium. And an example of a highly electronegative element is fluorine.

Dr.George Grant is an experienced researcher in Bio-chemistry. He has done extensive researches and experiments in the field. He is a visiting faculty for some of the most reputed Science colleges. For more information on Chemistry Tools and Definitions, Please Visit- http://www.chemicool.com

Education online is the method of educating people through the means of the Internet. A large number of physical universities, colleges, and schools offer education online. There are also virtual online colleges. Online education enables a person to earn a degree sitting at home. The concept of education online has brought a revolutionary change in the life of many people.

Online education is a boon to those people who have a desire to educate themselves but are not able to go to a traditional college because they cannot afford to attend or afford to spare the time to go. Also, traditional courses are more time-consuming and expensive. One can earn an associate, bachelors, master’s, or even doctoral degrees in various disciplines through online education.

Education online is free from time and space constraints, as anyone from anywhere in the world at any time can utilize the various programs available online. A wide range of educational tools and resources are available on the internet. These resources can serve as a library and research center for students taking online education. Professors and teachers can be reached through e-mail, which is the main means of correspondence on the internet. Students can take part in online forums with other students studying the same course or subject. A student taking online education can learn at his own pace.

In spite of all these advantages, online education has a few disadvantages. The main disadvantage is that the student has to work on his own, and no one will be there to verify the progress. Another major disadvantage is the lack of interaction, such as the question and answer session in a traditional classroom.

There are thousands of online programs listed in Internet directories from which one can choose the best and the most appropriate organizations for his requirements. Some universities also offer student support services such as online counseling and registration, and purchasing of textbooks online.

Education Online provides detailed information on Education Online, Continuing Education Online, Online College Education, Online Accredited Education and more. Education Online is affiliated with eLearning Companies.

Most people make assumptions about careers. Often these assumptions are based on impressions they get from relatives and friends, from television shows and from workers and jobs that they see in their daily lives.

Impressions are a good place to start when looking for a career because they help people to identify possibilities. But at the same time, impressions can be misleading. They show only a small portion of reality, or worse: no reality at all.

That’s when career impressions become career myths.

People make all kinds of false assumptions because they have limited information. For example many people think that there are no opportunities in the manufacturing trades, that all high-paying jobs require a college degree, and that most teachers earn below-average salaries. Non of these myths is true. And believing myths like these limits career choices unnecessarily.

Some career myths are less about occupations that about the working in general. Myths like these can derail a career search and sap motivation.

Here are five common myths and realities, about careers.

Myth #1: There Is One Perfect Job For Me

Reality: There are many occupations and many jobs that you could enjoy. Focusing on finding a single, perfect career is not only intimidating, it’s limiting.

Myth #2: I will use all my talents and abilities in this job.
Reality: No one job uses all of your talents. And trying to find one that does will derail your career search.

Myth #3: No one will hire me because I lack experience, have low grades, hace gaps in my work history etc.

Reality: People overcome all kinds of challenges to find satisfying work. Experts say that how you handle adversity is a good indicator of your ability to persevere.

Myth #4: My job has to match my college major or vocational training.

Reality: You need not to restrict your job search to careers related to your degree or training. Most jobs do not specify which college major is needed, even if they require that workers have a college degree.

Myth #5: It’s too late to change my career.

Reality: It’s never too late to change careers. Workers who change careers come from many backgrounds, age groups, and situations.

Career & Personality Tests

There are a lot career & personality tests online that can help you find fullfiling work, and create a profile for you. The tests should be designed using psychometric knowledge and should be approved by qualified scientists.

Career tests help you identify potential careers, based on your answers to specific questions. Some measure how closely your answers match to those of workers who are already in an occupation. Others match occupations to your personality type, skills or interests.

A good test should provide you with a personalized career strategy. These days things are changing so quickly, that unless your strategy is pesonalized and takes this highly dynamic environment into account, then you are vulnerable to the changes sweeping the job market.

Informational Interviewing

Talking to people about their work is one of the best ways to get accurate information about what a career is like. After all, who would know better about what it takes to a job well or what’s a job’s benefits and drawbacks are that someone who’s already working in it?The goal is to get the facts about an occupation.

Just remember that one person’s experience is not universal. Whether a worker talks glowingly or disparagingly about his or her job, another worker in the same job almost surely disagrees. You will need to speak to more than one person and verify the perspectives.

Getting Experience

They say that the best way to get a feel for what a career would be like is to get work experience with it. Of course, it takes a while to get solid, relevant experience, but internships, volunteer work and entry level jobs provide a start. Employers value the skills learned through experience.

Remember that your own experiences are the least likely to fool you. Base your career perceptions on these. Even if you don’t start in the job you want, view these opportunities as a chance to get an inside track on the career you covet. Listen. Learn. All experience can work in your favor.

Here’s what you should know when trying to find your Dream Career:

1. What are Your top 3 “Fields of Work”

2. Which is the Career Personality Type you fit into and what types of work you are best suited to.

3. What are your dominant career abilities and career intelligences

4. What are your 6 key skills.

Always bear in mind that discovering your true vocation is a journey of self-discovery.

What career will suit your personality? No one wants a job they hate. So instead of choosing a career based on what you think you should do, try this Free Online Career Test first and discover your Authentic Direction. Click Here!

An online school offering Continuing Education allows students to enhance their skills and resources while maintaining current employment. Continuing Education online courses can help students advance a formal education or obtain a distance learning degree, at a convenient pace, and in their own environment.

Working adults who are interested in achieving personal and professional goals will find a Continuing Education online school to be a great advantage. There are hundreds of distance learning subjects and courses available to choose from, and students can receive an excellent education without commuting to classes.

The best candidate for a distance learning Continuing Education is someone who is comfortable working and studying independently. In general, online schools expect Continuing Education students to spend at least 12 to 15 hours per week on class assignments. The advantage to the student is in having a choice of when they will devote that time to their studies.

Depending on individual goals, students can apply for Continuing Education Online courses ranging from high school diplomas to PhD programs. Applicants may seek a Continuing Education course to propel a career to a new level, enhance skills and knowledge, or simply for personal enrichment.

If you are interested in learning more about Continuing Education, you will find a variety of online colleges, universities and distance learning courses on SchoolsGalore.com.

Copyright 2006 – All Rights Reserved
Michael Bustamante, in association with Media Positive Communications, Inc. for SchoolsGalore.com

M. Bustamante is a staff writer for Media Positive Communications, Inc. in association with SchoolsGalore.com. Find Continuing Education Online at SchoolsGalore.com; meeting your needs as your educational resource to locate schools.